Georgia is located on the crossroad of Europe and Asia. It
lays at the eastern end of the Black Sea, with Turkey and Armenia to the south,
Azerbaijan to the east, and Russia to the north, over the Caucasis Mountains.
The capital and largest city is Tbilisi. Georgia’s total territory covers
69,700 Square kilometers.
Population in Georgia is almost 5 million. Official language
is Georgian. Country is unitary semi-presidential republic. Georgian currency
is Georgian lari .
(Gel)
The native name of Georgia is Sakartvelo.
The climate of Georgia is extremely diverse, considering the
nation’s small size.
Climate
The Caucasian barrier protects Georgia from cold air
intrusions from the north, while the country is open to the constant influence
of warm, moist air from the Black Sea. Western Georgia has a humid subtropical,
maritime climate, while eastern Georgia has a range of climate varying from
moderately humid to a dry subtropical type.
There also are marked elevation zones. The Kolkheti Lowland,
for example, has a subtropical character up to about 487 m to 609 m, with a
zone of moist, moderately warm climate lying just above; still higher is a belt
of cold, wet winters and cool summers. Above about 2011 m to 2194 m there is an
alpine climatic zone, lacking any true summer, above 3413 to 3505 m, snow and
ice are present year-round. In eastern Georgia, farther inland, temperatures
are lower than in the western portions at the same altitude.
Western Georgia has heavy rainfall throughout the year, totaling
1000 to 2500 millimeters and reaching a maximum in autumn and winter. Southern Kolkheti
receives the most rain, and humidity decreases to the north and east. Winter in
the region is mild and warm; in regions below about 609 to 701m, the mean January
temperature never falls below 0°C, and relatively warm, sunny winter weather
persists in the coastal regions where temperatures average about 5°C. Summer
average temperature is about 22°C.
In eastern Georgia, precipitation decreases with distance
from the sea, reaching 0.4 to 0.7 ms in the plains and foothills but increasing
to double this amount in the mountains. The southeastern regions are the driest
areas, and winter is the dries season; the rainfall maximum occurs at the end
of spring. The highest lowland temperatures occur in july 25°C, while average January
temperatures over most of the region range from 0 to 3°C.
Plant And Animal Life
Georgia’s location and its diverse terrain have given rise
to a remarkable variety of landscapes. The luxuriant vegetation of the moist,
subtropical Black Sea shores is relatively close to the eternal snows of the
mountain peaks. Deep gorges and swift rivers give way to dry steppes and the
green of alpine meadows alternates with the darker hues of forested valleys.
More than third of the country is covered by forests and
brush. In the west a relatively constant climate over a long time span has
preserved many relict and rare items, including the Pitsunda pines. The forests
include oak, chestnut, beech, alder, Caucasian fir, ash, linden, apple and pear
trees. The western underbrush is dominated by evergreens and such deciduous shrubs
as Caucasian bilberry and nut trees. Liana strands entwine some of the western
forests. Citrus groves are found throughout the republic, and long rows of
eucalyptus trees line the country roads.
Eastern Georgia has fewer forests, and the steppes are
dotted with thickets of prickly underbrush, as well as a blanket of feather and
beard grass. Herbaceous subalpine and alpine vegetation occurs extensively in
the highest regions. Animal life is very diverse. Goats and Caucasian antelope
inhabit the high mountains; rodents live in the high meadows; A rich birdlife
includes the mountain turkey, the Caucasian black grouse, and the mountain and
bearded eagles. The clear rivers and mountain lakes are full of trout.
Forest regions are characterized by wild boars, roe and
Caucasus deer, Brown bears, lynx, wolves, foxes, jackals, hares, and squirrels.
Birds range from the thrush to the black vulture and hawk. Some of these
animals and birds also frequent the lowland regions, which are the home of the
introduced raccoon, mink, and nutria. The lowland rivers and the Black Sea
itself are rich with fish.
Caucasian Eagle
Colchis Pheasent
Deer
Headgehog
Georgian Shepard puppy
colchic box-tree
Grape
The highest mountain in Georgia is Mount Shkhara at 5,068 meters.
Largest cities and towns of Georgia are : Tbilisi; Kutaisi; Batumi; Sokhumi. Rustavi; Zugdidi; Gori; Poti; Khashuri; Samtredia.
Nodar Dumbadze about mother land
mother land might be a vine . let's look carefully. If it is lower you have to pick them on your knees. If it is higher- you have to put you hand up to the sky. Both are like prayer. Nothing is suitable for the mother land as a prayer. And what is the mother land as well?
If you look from the Plane and see the great white wings of the Caucasus, you feel something like a ball stucks in your throat- this is the mother land
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